MDS-WLAN: Maximal Data Security in WLAN for Resisting Potential Threats

The utmost security standards over Wireless Local Area Network (WLAN) are still an unsolved answer in research community as well as among the commercial users. There are various prior attempts in proposing security of WLAN that lacks focus on access point and is found to be quite complex implementation of cryptography. The proposed paper presents a novel, simple, and yet robust technique called as MDS-WLAN i.e. maximal data security in WLAN. The system is evaluated over laboratory prototype and mitigation measures are drawn for resisting wormhole attack, Sybil attack, and rogue access point issue in WLAN. The outcome of the MDS is compared with conventional AES and SHA that shows optimal communication performance and highest data security

Soliton-induced supercontinuum generation in liquid-filled photonic crystal fibre

We aim to study the nonlinear optical phenomena with ultra-broadband radiation in photonic crystal fibre (PCF). While PCFs with cores made from different glasses are well studied in previous works, in this paper, it is planned to investigate the dynamics of nonlinear processes of supercontinuum generation (SCG) in liquid-filled PCF (LCPCF) to understand the physical phenomena of femtosecond pulse propagation, particularly, the temporal and spectral changes of the pulse propagating through specific PCFs. Since the CS2-filled LCPCF has complex nonlinear phenomena, we intend to analyse the role of saturable nonlinear response and slow nonlinear response on SCG in detail. For the physical explanation, soliton fission and modulational instability techniques will be implemented to investigate the impact of slow nonlinear response and saturable nonlinear response respectively, in SCG process

The RESPONSE OF SUGARCANE GENOTYPES SUBJECTED TO SALINITY STRESS AT DIFFERENT GROWTH PHASES: RESPONSE OF SUGARCANE GENOTYPES SUBJECTED TO SALINITY STRESS AT DIFFERENT GROWTH PHASES: Abstract, Introduction,materials & Methods, Resultls & Discussion, Conclusion.

 A few commercial sugarcane genotypes were subjected to salinity stress at various growth phases of sugarcane to ascertain the critical growth stage for salinity stress and to assess the response of the genotypes. All the data were recorded and analysed during maturity phase. The salt treatments drastically reduced SPAD chlorophyll, chlorophyll fluorescence, RWC, stalk height, weight and other yield parameters in a few genotypes during T2 (salt treatment given during formative phase) & T5 (salt treatment given throughout crop cycle) but a few genotypes which are tolerant towards salt stress gave better results comparing other genotypes. The ions like sodium, potassium and chloride were analysed in the juice which showed higher elevation in the genotype Co 97010. Among the genotypes, Co 85019 and Co 99004 recorded significantly prime compared to rest of the genotypes. Treatment throughout the growth phases (T5) followed by stress at formative phase (T2) were found to be critical for growth, physiological and yield responses in all the genotypes

Survival of tuberculosis patients treated under DOTS in a rural tuberculosis unit (TU), south India.

Objective: To estimate survival probabilities and identify risk factors for death of tuberculosis (TB) patients during treatment period. Methods: TB patients registered during May 1999 to December 2004 from a rural TB unit (TU) with a population of 580 000 in Tiruvallur district, South India, formed study population. Life table and Cox’s regression methods were used. Results: Of the 3818 TB patients who were initiated on treatment, 96, 94 and 97% of category – I, II and III respectively, were surviving after completion of treatment. Higher death rates were independently associated with patient’s age (45 years), previous history of treatment, alcoholism and initial body weight (<35 kgs). Conclusion: The survival probability was found to be similar in all patients irrespective of categorization. Necessary actions need to be initiated in the programme to improve body weight and abstain from alcoholism

Weight gain in patients with tuberculosis treated under directly observed treatment short-course (DOTS)

Set up: One Tuberculosis Unit (TU) in Tiruvallur district, Tamil Nadu, India where Tuberculosis (TB) patients treated under Directly Observed Treatment Short Course (DOTS) programme. Objective: To identify the effects of weight gain among TB patients at the end of treatment on different factors such as socio-economic and demographic characteristics, smoking and drinking habits, treatment under supervision, the type of DOTS centres and problems in taking drugs. Methods: TB patients registered between May 1999 and December 2004 formed the study population. Multiple regression method was used for the analysis. Results: Among 1557 smear-positive TB patients registered under DOTS programme, the changes in weight ranged from a loss of 4 kgs to a gain of 20 kgs at the end of TB treatment; the average change in weight was 3.22 kgs. The gain in weight at the end of treatment was associated with age (<45 years), DOT at government centres, no problems in taking drugs as reported by patients and cure rate. Conclusion: The findings showed that there is an association between gain in weight with DOT at government centres and cure of patients

Effectiveness of mint leaves paste for reduction of dysmenorrhea among the adolescent girls in govt higher secondary school at Paravai

The present study is to identify the effectiveness of mint paste on menstrual pain perception among adolescent girls with dysmenorrhea at selected school in Paravai during the year 2011-12 in partial fulfillment of the requirement for the degree of MASTER OF SCIENCE IN NURSING at College of Nursing, Madurai Medical College, Madurai which is affiliated to THE TAMILNADU Dr.M.G.R. MEDICAL UNIVERSITY, CHENNAI. Objectives : 1. To assess the level of dysmenorrhea before the intervention. 2. To evaluate the effectiveness of mint paste in reducing dysmenorrhea among the adolescent girls. 3. To associate the level of dysmenorrhea with selected demographic variables. Research Approach : Quantitative Approach. Research Design : One group pretest and posttest design. Setting : Govt. Higher secondary school at Paravai. Sample size : 60 Adolescent girls were selected for the study. Sampling Technique : Purposive sampling Conceptual frame work : Modified Ernestine Widenbach’s Helping Art of Clinical Nursing theory (1970) was framed. Outcome measures : Menstrual pain perception level was measured of using numeric pain scale. Intervention : 5g mint paste on 2 days prior to the menstruation and 3 days during the menstruation. Results : Adolescent girls who had mint paste before and after menstruation reported significant reduction on pain perception in post test. P=0.001. Conclusion : The result supported that administration of mint paste are very suitable and practicable therapy of nonpharmacological measure of reduction in pain perception while menstruation. The findings suggest that administration of mint paste can be an effective, less cost intervention for reducing pain and anxiety during dysmenorrhea and recommended its use for self care of dysmenorrhea

Risk of decompression sickness in the presence of circulating microbubbles

In this study, we examined the association between microbubbles formed in the circulation from a free gas phase and symptoms of altitude decompression sickness (DCS). In a subgroup of 59 males of mean (S.D) age 31.2 (5.8) years who developed microbubbles during exposure to 26.59 kPa (4.3 psi) under simulated extravehicular activities (EVA), symptoms of DCS occurred in 24 (41 percent) individuals. Spencer grade 1 microbubbles occurred in 4 (7 percent), grade 2 in 9 (15 percent), grade 3 in 15 (25 percent), and grade 4 in 31 (53 percent) of subjects. Survival analysis using Cox proportional hazards regression showed that individuals with less than grade 3 CMB showed 2.46 times (95 percent confidence interval = 1.26 to 5.34) higher risk of symptoms. This information is crucial for defining the risk of DCS for inflight Doppler monitoring under space EVA. Altitude decompression sickness (DCS) occurs when there is acute reduction in ambient pressure. The symptoms of DCS are due to the formation of a free gas phase (in the form of gas microbubbles) in tissues during decompression. Musculo-skeletal pain of bends is the commonest form of DCS in altitude exposures. In the space flight environment, there is a risk of DCS when astronauts decompress from the normobaric shuttle pressure into the hypobaric space suit pressure (currently about 29.65 kPa (4.3 psi) for extra-vehicular activities (EVA). This risk is counterbalanced by a judicious combination of prior denitrogenation and staged decompression. Studies of DCS are limited by the duration of the test at reduced pressure. Since only a proportion of subjects tested develop symptoms, the information on DCS is generally incomplete or 'censored'. Many studies employ Doppler ultrasound monitoring of the precordial area for detecting circulating microbubbles (CMB). Although the association between CMB and bends pain is not causal, CMB are frequently monitored during decompression. In this paper, we examine the association between CMB and symptoms of DCS under simulated EVA profiles

Pre-operative ondansetron vs. metoclopramide for prevention of post-operative nausea and vomiting in elective lower-segment caesarean section under spinal anaesthesia

Background: The problem of nausea and vomiting is a very old but a less thought of problem. Nausea and vomiting are the most common distressing symptom in the postoperative period. Antiemetic drugs play an important role in therapy of post-operative nausea and vomiting (PONV). Though many drugs have been tried as prophylaxis and treatment of PONV, no drug has been proved significantly effective and hence, the present study was undertaken to compare the efficacy and safety of IV metoclopramide and IV Ondansetron as prophylaxis for postoperative nausea and vomiting in lower-segment caesarean section (LSCS) under spinal anaesthesia. Methods: After institutional approval and informed consent 100 ASA I & II patients undergoing non emergent LSCS taken for study. The patients were divided randomly into 2 groups of 50 each. Group I received IV metoclopramide 10mg and Group II received IV. Ondansetron 4mg. Anaesthetic management was standardized. The incidence of vomiting and retching as number of episodes was studied. Nausea was graded depending on the severity and data derived. Results: The mean age, weight and duration of surgery was not significantly different when compared group-1 parturiants with group-2. The mean episodes of emesis, nausea and retching at different postoperative duration were significantly decreased (p<0.05) in Ondansetron group when compared to metoclopramide group as postoperative time progresses. Conclusions: Injection ondansetron 4mg provided decrease in the incidence of PONV than metoclopramide as the side effects with these drugs were minimal.